在第76届联合国大会上，中国国家主席习近平确认“中国将大力支持发展中国家能源绿色低碳发展，不再新建境外煤电项目。”一个发展中国家做出这一承诺，向最富有也是历史最大排放国的七国集团各国发出强烈的信号：他们应当效仿跟进，停止对所有化石燃料项目的资助。

    习主席在讲话中还强调：“我们要坚持人民至上、生命至上，呵护每个人的生命、价值、尊严。要弘扬科学精神、秉持科学态度、遵循科学规律。”通过已经广泛得到科学证明的解决方案，努力坚守1.5摄氏度的升温极限就是一项急迫的人道主义需求，因为气候危机正威胁着气候脆弱国家数十亿人的生命。在当今高度互联的世界中，建设更加具备气候韧性的经济也至关重要。但事实是，目前资源的投放并未匹配科学警示的气候脆弱国家和这里的经济新机遇。

    从上游的锂离子、稀土到下游的输电线路、电池、太阳能组件、风力涡轮机、电动汽车等生产，以及EPC安装领域再到持续的融资运营等一系列环节，中国正引领着全球未来低碳产业的发展。中国的企业活跃在水电、光伏、风能、电池、能效、输配电和电动汽车等多重领域。这得益于中国明确的政府指令，既鼓励这些行业在国内的广泛应用，也与此同时开拓全球经济伙伴关系，推动中国国家电网公司等国内领先企业进入国际市场，成长为具有全球影响力的实体。

    这几乎完美对应了气候脆弱国家今年早些时候提出的《气候繁荣计划》。通过这一“生存繁荣共进”的战略，他们希望到2030年为自己的人民打造并发展绿色低碳、安全、具备气候韧性的经济模式。《气候繁荣计划》及时地为具备了强大融资能力和制造能力的中国在这些国家进行气候投资打开了机会之窗。

    在支持这些发展中国家实现这一愿景的同时，中国还需要认识到资本成本和迫在眉睫的债务危机。避免由于气候灾害造成的基础设施破坏、项目经济改变或风险转移而最终造成的资产搁置和信贷违约，符合中国和东道国的双方利益。这也是中国工商银行和中国银行等中方银行在提高基础设施可持续性的同时，在解决这些国家资本发行成本方面可以发挥的作用。同时，中国的能源存储和输配电技术和能力也将在这个十年内成为全球能源转型的关键驱动力。

    绿色低碳能源这一领域正是习主席在联大发言中提出的以人为本、基于科学的《全球发展倡议》和气候脆弱国家提出的《气候繁荣计划》完美交汇的地方，双方从这里开始共同搭建一个绿色安全的未来，因为失去这个未来的代价，无论是中国还是气候脆弱国家均无法承受。
 

作者：Sara Jane Ahmed

是气候脆弱论坛（CVF）和气候脆弱20国财长集团（V20）的财务顾问。她也是包括全球可再生能源大会在内的多家机构的顾问委员会成员。她曾是能源经济和金融分析研究所（IEEFA）在菲律宾的能源金融分析师。她拥有罗切斯特大学西蒙商学院金融学士。

英文原文刊发于《中国日报》，
 

China can accelerate race to green future for climate vulnerable nations

At the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly, Chinese President Xi Jinping confirmed "China will step up support for other developing countries in developing green and low-carbon energy, and will not build new coal-fired power projects abroad." This commitment from a developing country sends a strong signal to the G7 nations, the richest and largest historical emitters, to follow suit and stop all financing of fossil fuel projects.

In his speech, President Xi also highlighted that "we should always put people and their lives first, and care about the life, value and dignity of every individual. We need to respect science, take a science-based approach and follow the laws of science." Safeguarding the 1.5 centigrade limit, through scientifically proven solutions, is an urgent humanitarian need, as the climate crisis threatens billions of lives in climate vulnerable countries. It is also critical to build a more climate resilient economy in today’s highly interconnected world. The fact, however, is that resources are currently not correlating to where, as science warns, vulnerability and opportunity is located.

China is increasingly a global leader in developing low-carbon industries of the future, from upstream (lithium ion, rare earths) to downstream processing and manufacturing (transmission lines, batteries, solar modules, wind turbines, electric vehicles), and in the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) sectors of installation through to the ongoing ownership, financing and operation of businesses. This covers the broad spectrum of activities from hydroelectricity, solar, wind, batteries, energy efficiency, grid transmission and electric vehicles. China has a clear government directive to lead these sectors, both for domestic application but also increasingly to leverage global economic partnerships, while preparing and transforming these leading domestic companies, such as the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC), into globally significant entities.

This approach perfectly addresses the Climate Prosperity Plans that have been put forward by climate vulnerable countries earlier this year. This is their “survive and thrive” strategy to build and develop green, low-carbon, safe and resilient economies for their people, by 2030. With China’s financing capacities and manufacturing capacities, the Climate Prosperity Plans have opened a window of opportunities for timely climate investment from China.

While supporting these other developing countries to realize this vision, China also needs to recognize the cost of capital and the looming debt crisis. There is mutual interest for China and host nations to not be left with stranded assets leading, sooner or later, to credit default situations due to infrastructure damage from climate disasters, shifting project economics and transition risk. This is a role Chinese banks, such as the Industrial & Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) and Bank of China (BOC), can play to tackle the cost of capital issues in these countries, while boosting the sustainability of their infrastructure. China’s technologies and capacity in storage and transmission will also be a key driver for the global energy transformation this decade.

This is where the people-centered and science-based Global Development Initiative, proposed by President Xi at his UNGA speech, and the Climate Prosperity Plans proposed by the climate vulnerable countries, meet, and build that future that no one, neither China nor climate vulnerable countries, can afford to lose.

Sara Jane Ahmed is a finance advisor to the Vulnerable Group of Twenty (V20) Ministers of Finance of the Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF). She is also part of the advisory board of various institutions including the Global Renewables Congress. 

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